Since the mid-20th century, electronic devices such as televisions, video games, and smartphones have increasingly captured children’s attention, leading to a noticeable decline in reading books… Phones, computers, iPads, and Kindles have become integral in American daily life. However, this constant exposure to these addictive technologies has gradually pushed books aside for many children. Despite the continued presence of libraries, Barnes and Noble, and other bookstores, why do some children and teens rarely read for pleasure? Why has the simplicity of reading a book for some become a chore? Although the internet can be helpful, excessive screen media adversely affects a child’s development. According to a report by the American College of Pediatricians, children aged 8-12 in the USA spend almost five hours a day on screens, while teens spend nearly seven and a half hours daily. This highlights a growing trend where screen time is replacing reading. Not only is this a stretch of the recommended usage of screen time per day, which is no more than two hours for children, but it can also lead to behavioral issues and attention problems. 

Curious about this trend, Mrs. Olshewsky, Santiago High School’s librarian, found ways to increase reading in Santiago. They have integrated reading into book clubs and language arts classes, allowing students to choose whatever book they want and do leisure reading. Santiago High School has the highest number of books checked out in the entire district. Additionally, the library offers ebooks that students can access on stationary computers. Since COVID, Sharks have increasingly read ebooks, and the daily reading surged. Upon returning to school, reading paperback books has also increased over the years. Mrs. O feels strongly that students haven’t found the right book, even if someone recommends their preferences. This statement struck me profoundly. A book has to grab my attention instantly, and as an avid reader, it isn’t easy to choose the right book from local bookstores. Yet, recommendations online and through peers have influenced me to read more. While some Santiago High School students read many books, what about students in our nation? 

The decline in reading among students is a local and national issue. Studies have shown that the percentage of children reading for pleasure has steadily decreased over the past few decades. According to the NAEP, during the 2022 to 2023 academic year, 14% of students said they read for fun almost every day, which is a decrease of three percentage points since 2020 and 13 since 2012. This year’s percentage is the lowest ever recorded. Among high-achievers, 51% of students who scored at or above the 75th percentile reported reading for fun only once a week. The data indicates that the achievement gaps from the past to the present are widening. These also show that fewer students report a declining interest in reading for pleasure.

This decline is further comprised by the lack of time in students’ lives. High school students are often overwhelmed with academic responsibilities, extracurricular activities, and part-time jobs. The pressure to excel in multiple areas leaves little room for leisure reading. Many students prioritize schoolwork and other important commitments over reading. This time crunch and digital distractions make it even more challenging for students to engage in books. 

Students can incorporate reading into daily routines and engage in class book discussions to address these challenges and encourage reading. Reading is essential for developing younger minds. According to Maryanne Wolf, literacy scholar and professor of childhood development, deep reading literally nourishes our capacity for attention, empathy, and insight.

Finally, the decline in reading among students is a multifaceted issue influenced by the pervasive presence of digital devices and the lack of time. While schools like Santiago High School make efforts to promote reading, it’s crucial to address this issue broadly. To create a national culture of reading, we must actively work to create communities where books are cherished, and reading is embraced as an enjoyable activity.